This unprotected forest provides crucial habitat for the Sumatran orangutan, as well as numerous other species. A developed, independent young female will either disperse or take up residence near her mother's territory. Mother-offspring grooming has only been seen in zoos. Studies have shown that orangutans in the Ketambe area in Indonesia ate over 92 different kinds of fruit, 13 different kinds of leaves, 22 sorts of other vegetable material such as top-sprouts, and pseudo-bulbs of orchids. Highest fruiting periods happen during rainy seasons (December to May). Natural predators of Sumatran orangutans are clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa) and Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae). Topics El orangután de Sumatra (Pongo abelii) es una de las tres especies existentes de orangutanes. The females are quite a bit smaller at about 100 pounds and only about 3 feet tall. No cases have been reported during mast years, which suggests orangutans take meat as a fallback for the seasonal shortage of fruits; preying on slow loris occurs more often in periods of low fruit availability. Their habitat has decreased over 80% in the last 20 years. Régime alimentaire : Végétarien essentiellement frugivore. Logging Abstract Reintroducing orangutans ( Pongo spp.) 2007. [17] Some of them are being protected in five areas in Gunung Leuser National Park; others live in unprotected areas: northwest and northeast Aceh block, West Batang Toru river, East Sarulla and Sidiangkat. Sebagai sumber informasi bagi pihak yang membutuhkan sehingga dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan dalam mengambil kebijakan terkait upaya konservasi. (Cocks and Bullo, 2008; Singleton, et al., 2007), Fossil evidence suggests that Sumatran orangutans once occurred throughout Sumatra and the island of Java. It moves through the trees by quadrumanous locomotion and semibrachiation. 2002. Female weights range from 30 to 50 kg and they can reach 1.3 m tall. [30], Orangutans have large home ranges and low population densities, which complicates conservation efforts. Classification Habitat & Range Preferred habitat of the Sumatran orangutan is in the canopies of primary rainforests, swamp forests and riparian forests that include mature fruit trees. There is also a sequence of an animal using a large leaf as an umbrella in a tropical rainstorm. The smaller of the two species, the Sumatran orangutan is very strong. The only great apes that live outside of Africa are orangutans, of which there are two species. [8] The orangutan will use the stick to dig in tree holes for termites. at http://spot.colorado.edu/~humphrey/fact%20sheets/orangutan/orangutan.htm. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria. Gunung Leuser National Park forest in Bukit Lawang section is the main habitat of Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) in Sub-district of Bahorok. [1], The average interbirth rates for the Sumatran orangutan is 9.3 years, the longest reported among the great apes, including the Bornean orangutan. [6] Sumatran orangutans spend far less time feeding on the inner bark of trees. They are still young and act with caution around unfamiliar adults, especially males. They are susceptible to many of the same diseases as humans, and thus can carry and transmit them as well, including tuberculosis, meliodosis, influenza, cholera, and intestinal parasites. More orangutans are forced into too small of an area, increasing agonistic interactions. Sumatran orangutans are important in seed dispersal. However, within the last few years supplementary feeding has ceased as the orang-utan rehabilitation program has been deemed a success, the orang-utans having been fully rehabilitated, and the jungle (or the remaining part of) is now at saturation point, so the sanctuary no longer accepts new orphaned orang-utans. Infant and juvenile orangutans must learn everything (feeding, social behaviors, etc.) Deux espèces : Pongo pygmaeus à Bornéo et Pongo abelii à Sumatra) Habitat : Forêts tropicales peu modifiées. Hunting of orangutans has decimated their populations. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang nilai daya dukung habitat orangutan sebagai dasar "Pongo abelii" During this time, the infant is always carried by the mother during travel, it is highly dependent on the mother for food, and also sleeps in the mother's nest. [32], "Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Sumatran orangutan", https://www.kgw.com/article/news/local/animal/oregon-zoo-celebrates-59th-birthday-of-inji-believed-to-be-worlds-oldest-orangutan/283-01046d9e-a30e-449a-ac74-4d8007ec4fc8, "Behavioral, ecological, and evolutionary aspects of meat-eating by Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii)", "NIH-funded scientists publish orangutan genome sequence", "Orangutan blinded after being shot 74 times with air gun pellets", "Bukit Lawang, Sumatra, Indonesia (Orangutan Village)", "Land-cover changes predict steep declines for the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii)", "Conservation Strategies for Orangutans: Reintroduction versus Habitat Preservation and the Benefits of Sustainably Logged Forest", "A Sumatran orangutan returns to the jungle", Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme, images and movies of the Sumatran orang-utan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sumatran_orangutan&oldid=1012166307, IUCN Red List critically endangered species, Species endangered by oil palm plantations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 14 March 2021, at 23:41. (On-line). [12], The Sumatran orangutan is more social than its Bornean counterpart; groups gather to feed on the mass amounts of fruit on fig trees. [18] Contributor Galleries http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/species/about_species/species_factsheets/great_apes/orangutans/sumatran_orangutan/sumorangutan_population_distribution/index.cfm. Pongo abelii Population size. Female tactics to reduce sexual harassment. 2007. Females are able to give birth up to 53 years of age, based on studies of menopausal cycles. For example: antlers, elongated tails, special spurs. and Giardia intestinalis in Wild, Semi-Wild and Captive Orangutans (Pongo abelii and Pongo pygmaeus) on Sumatra and Borneo, Indonesia. Une troisième espèce a été décrite en 2017, l’orang-outan de Tapanuli (Pongo tapanuliensis), qui tire son nom de sa région d’origine située au Nord de l’île de Sumatra, mais il existe peu d’études à son sujet. reproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.. September 26, 2007 (On-line). Accessed November 26, 2007 October 17, 2007 the region of the earth that surrounds the equator, from 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees south. Sumatran orangutans are found in primary tropical lowland forests, including mangrove, swamp forests, and riparian forests. Sumatran and Bornean orangutans were previously considered subspecies of Pongo pygmaeus. Orangutans are rarely, if ever, found south of the Simpang Kanan River on Sumatra's west side or south of the Asahan River on the east side. Saison de reproduction : Non marquée. Il vit dans la forêt tropicale humide de basse altitude ainsi que dans la mangrove [12]. at http://library.wur.nl/wda/abstracts/ab710.html. [19], Orangutans have 48 chromosomes. Even after that, the young will still associate with their mothers. WWF works with other organizations to stop Asia Pulp and Paper/ Sinar Mas Group from clearing the largest portion of natural forest remaining outside the Bukit Tigapuluh National Park. They have long, fine red hair on their bodies and faces. Their habitat has now been reduced to the north of the island, mostly in the provinces of North Sumatra and Aceh. The Social Organisation of a Population of Sumatran Orang-Utans. Cocks, L., K. Bullo. L'orango di Sumatra (Pongo abelii Lesson, 1827) è una delle tre specie di oranghi, endemica della parte settentrionale dell'isola indonesiana di Sumatra. 2006. Compared to all other great apes, orangutans are capable of the most facial expression, due to their very flexible lips. the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic. [25], The Sumatran orangutan is endemic to the north of Sumatra. at http://www.orangutans-sos.org/faq.php. Preferred habitat of the Sumatran orangutan is in the canopies of primary rainforests, swamp forests and riparian forests that include mature fruit trees. Pongo abelii. At 8 years of age, female orangutans are considered fully developed and begin to have offspring of their own. The orangutan weighs between 6 and 15 kilograms, and does not look dramatically different from an infant. A survey published in March 2016 estimates a population of 14,613 Sumatran orangutans in the wild, doubling previous population estimates. December 04, 2007 Currently, Pongo abelii Lesson 1827 populations in their natural habitat are in endangered and on the verge of extinction. Pongo pygmaeus, Pongo abelii, and Pongo tapanuliensis Orangutan. © 2020 Regents of the University of Michigan. Journal of Human Evolution, 47/6: 385-398. Abstract. In the wild, Sumatran orangutans only survive in the province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD), the northernmost tip of the island. [1], While poaching generally is not a huge problem for the Sumatrans, occasional local hunting does decrease the population size. Gunung Leuser National Park forest in the Bukit Lawang section is the habitat of Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii). Orangutan sumatera (Pongo abelii), satwa endemik Indonesia yang ditemukan di Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser, menghadapi ancaman kerusakan habitat alami dan perburuan liar. Accessed They are mainly arboreal species using their super long arms to move between branches. a species whose presence or absence strongly affects populations of other species in that area such that the extirpation of the keystone species in an area will result in the ultimate extirpation of many more species in that area (Example: sea otter). Over time, they will collect entire "toolboxes". Accessed one of the sexes (usually males) has special physical structures used in courting the other sex or fighting the same sex. Accessed [29] A survey in 2004 estimated that around 7,300 Sumatran orangutans still live in the wild. Their beard starts to emerge, while the hair around their face shortens, and instead of pointing outwards the face flattens along the skull. This material is based upon work supported by the Sumatran Orangutan Society. The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Research in the Ketambe area reported cases of meat-eating in wild Sumatran orangutans, of which nine cases were of orangutans eating slow lorises. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 52/2: 93-101. [7] An orangutan will break off a tree branch that is about a foot long, snap off the twigs and fray one end with its teeth. Rijksen, H. 1978. (Wich, et al., 2004; Fox, 2002; Wich, et al., 2004), Adult female Sumatran orangutans become sexually active at the average age of 12.3 yrs and will produce their first offspring soon after. species of orang-utan were recognized: Pongo pygmaeus Meijaard, 1999; Buij et al., 2002). Zaitunah A, Samsuri, Ras S. 2021. Males have a large throat sac that lets them make these loud calls. The Pakpak Barat population in particular is the only Sumatran population predicted to be able to sustain orangutans in the long run, given the current effects of habitat displacement and human impact. at http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?typ=pdf&doi=60415. [8] If a particular tool proves useful, the orangutan will often save it. Usually, there is a specific male in a group that mature females will exhibit preference for. Mothers provide young orangutans with food until they have learned to distinguish different types of food.